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Quantum Computing Remains Mostly Promise, but Maybe Not for Long. How to Play It. -- Barrons.com
Quantum Computing Remains Mostly Promise, but Maybe Not for Long. How to Play It. -- Barrons.com
By Eric J. Savitz
You won't yet find quantum computing showing up in any significant way on corporate income statements or Wall Street models, but scientists are increasingly talking about its power -- and it could one day become a material part of technology companies' results.
IBM, pushed along by the 3,000 people inside its research division, is one of the companies leading the way in quantum computing, which offers a way to break through the limitations of so-called classical computing.
At a basic level, classical computing is digital -- it relies on bits -- the smallest unit of information being in one of two states. On or off. Yes or no. One or zero. But quantum computing has the capability of being zero and one at the same time.
For a crude metaphor, think of a coin that is flipped. When it lands, it is either heads or tails. But what is it when it's still in the air? It has the potential to be both.
The takeaway is that quantum computers have the ability to handle certain kinds of highly complex problems, in particular those with a large number of potential solutions that even conventional supercomputers can't handle.
Dario Gil, who runs IBM's vast scientific army, says that, in May 2016, the company became the first to connect a quantum computer to the cloud. IBM now has more than 20 quantum computers online, he adds, running more than two billion "quantum circuits" a day.
Gil says that quantum computers haven't yet crossed the threshold to doing things that you couldn't do with classical computing -- but he says the company should cross that line in the next few years. And he notes that the interest level is high, with over 300,000 users in the scientific and development community around the world.
Robert Sutor, a 39-year IBM veteran, is the company's chief evangelist for quantum computing, and the author of Dancing With Qubits, a 2019 book on the topic.
In an interview with Barron's, Sutor says that the nature of quantum computing is that it more closely resembles the natural world, which generally doesn't operate in a binary way. "If you want to compute about elements of nature," he says, "you need a computer that works the way nature does." Nature, he says, follows the behavioral rules of quantum mechanics. The world is analog, not digital.
Sutor is clear that quantum computing isn't a wholesale replacement for classical computing; instead, the systems will work together. But he also says that quantum techniques will be able to do things that conventional methods can't, in fields like chemistry, risk assessment, and artificial intelligence.
Auto maker Daimler (DAI.Germany) is experimenting with quantum computing techniques for battery development for future electric vehicles. The Cleveland Clinic is actually installing its own IBM quantum computer for research on pathogens, among other things.
The IBM Research division is well positioned to take up the quantum-computing challenge. A century of experience solving computing's largest problems should certainly help.
Write to Eric J. Savitz at eric.savitz@barrons.com
By Eric J. Savitz
作者:埃里克·J·萨维茨
You won't yet find quantum computing showing up in any significant way on corporate income statements or Wall Street models, but scientists are increasingly talking about its power -- and it could one day become a material part of technology companies' results.
你还不会发现量子计算在公司损益表或华尔街模型中以任何重要的方式出现,但科学家们越来越多地谈论它的力量--有朝一日它可能会成为科技公司业绩的重要组成部分。
IBM, pushed along by the 3,000 people inside its research division, is one of the companies leading the way in quantum computing, which offers a way to break through the limitations of so-called classical computing.
在其研究部门3000名员工的推动下,IBM是量子计算领域的领先者之一,量子计算提供了一种突破所谓经典计算限制的方法。
At a basic level, classical computing is digital -- it relies on bits -- the smallest unit of information being in one of two states. On or off. Yes or no. One or zero. But quantum computing has the capability of being zero and one at the same time.
在基本层面上,经典计算是数字化的--它依赖于位--最小的信息单位处于两种状态之一。开或关。是或不是。一或零。但量子计算具有同时为零和一的能力。
For a crude metaphor, think of a coin that is flipped. When it lands, it is either heads or tails. But what is it when it's still in the air? It has the potential to be both.
一个粗略的比喻是,想像一枚被抛出的硬币。当它落地时,要么是正面的,要么是反面的。但是,当它还在空中的时候,它是什么呢?它有可能两者兼而有之。
The takeaway is that quantum computers have the ability to handle certain kinds of highly complex problems, in particular those with a large number of potential solutions that even conventional supercomputers can't handle.
结论是量子计算机有能力处理某些高度复杂的问题,特别是那些拥有大量潜在解决方案的问题,即使是传统的超级计算机也无法处理。
Dario Gil, who runs IBM's vast scientific army, says that, in May 2016, the company became the first to connect a quantum computer to the cloud. IBM now has more than 20 quantum computers online, he adds, running more than two billion "quantum circuits" a day.
掌管IBM庞大科学大军的达里奥·吉尔表示,2016年5月,该公司成为第一个将量子计算机连接到云端的公司。他补充说,IBM现在有20多台量子计算机在线,每天运行20多亿个“量子电路”。
Gil says that quantum computers haven't yet crossed the threshold to doing things that you couldn't do with classical computing -- but he says the company should cross that line in the next few years. And he notes that the interest level is high, with over 300,000 users in the scientific and development community around the world.
吉尔说,量子计算机还没有跨过用经典计算做不到的事情的门槛,但他说,公司应该在未来几年跨过这条线。他指出,人们的兴趣水平很高,在世界各地的科学和发展社区拥有超过30万用户。
Robert Sutor, a 39-year IBM veteran, is the company's chief evangelist for quantum computing, and the author of Dancing With Qubits, a 2019 book on the topic.
罗伯特·苏托(Robert Sutor)在IBM工作了39年,是该公司量子计算的首席布道者,也是2019年出版的关于量子计算的书《与量子位共舞》(Dance With Qubit)的作者。
In an interview with Barron's, Sutor says that the nature of quantum computing is that it more closely resembles the natural world, which generally doesn't operate in a binary way. "If you want to compute about elements of nature," he says, "you need a computer that works the way nature does." Nature, he says, follows the behavioral rules of quantum mechanics. The world is analog, not digital.
在接受Barron‘s的采访时,Sutor说量子计算的本质是它更接近于自然界,而自然界通常不是以二元方式运行的。“如果你想计算大自然的元素,”他说,“你需要一台以大自然的方式工作的计算机。”他说,大自然遵循量子力学的行为规则。世界是模拟的,而不是数字的。
Sutor is clear that quantum computing isn't a wholesale replacement for classical computing; instead, the systems will work together. But he also says that quantum techniques will be able to do things that conventional methods can't, in fields like chemistry, risk assessment, and artificial intelligence.
苏托很清楚,量子计算并不是对经典计算的全面替代;相反,这些系统将协同工作。但他也表示,在化学、风险评估和人工智能等领域,量子技术将能够做传统方法做不到的事情。
Auto maker Daimler (DAI.Germany) is experimenting with quantum computing techniques for battery development for future electric vehicles. The Cleveland Clinic is actually installing its own IBM quantum computer for research on pathogens, among other things.
汽车制造商戴姆勒(DAI)(德国)正在试验量子计算技术,用于未来电动汽车的电池开发。克利夫兰诊所实际上正在安装自己的IBM量子计算机,用于病原体研究等。
The IBM Research division is well positioned to take up the quantum-computing challenge. A century of experience solving computing's largest problems should certainly help.
IBM研究部门做好了迎接量子计算挑战的准备。一个世纪以来解决计算机最大问题的经验肯定会有所帮助。
Write to Eric J. Savitz at eric.savitz@barrons.com
写信给埃里克·J·萨维茨(Eric J.Savitz),电子邮件:eric.savitz@Barrons.com
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moomoo是Moomoo Technologies Inc.公司提供的金融信息和交易应用程序。
在美国,moomoo上的投资产品和服务由Moomoo Financial Inc.提供,一家受美国证券交易委员会(SEC)监管的持牌主体。 Moomoo Financial Inc.是金融业监管局(FINRA)和证券投资者保护公司(SIPC)的成员。
在新加坡,moomoo上的投资产品和服务是通过Moomoo Financial Singapore Pte. Ltd.提供,该公司受新加坡金融管理局(MAS)监管(牌照号码︰CMS101000) ,持有资本市场服务牌照 (CMS) ,持有财务顾问豁免(Exempt Financial Adviser)资质。本内容未经新加坡金融管理局的审查。
在澳大利亚,moomoo上的金融产品和服务是通过Futu Securities (Australia) Ltd提供,该公司是受澳大利亚证券和投资委员会(ASIC)监管的澳大利亚金融服务许可机构(AFSL No. 224663)。请阅读并理解我们的《金融服务指南》、《条款与条件》、《隐私政策》和其他披露文件,这些文件可在我们的网站 https://www.moomoo.com/au中获取。
在加拿大,通过moomoo应用提供的仅限订单执行的券商服务由Moomoo Financial Canada Inc.提供,并受加拿大投资监管机构(CIRO)监管。
在马来西亚,moomoo上的投资产品和服务是通过Moomoo Securities Malaysia Sdn. Bhd. 提供,该公司受马来西亚证券监督委员会(SC)监管(牌照号码︰eCMSL/A0397/2024) ,持有资本市场服务牌照 (CMSL) 。本内容未经马来西亚证券监督委员会的审查。
Moomoo Technologies Inc., Moomoo Financial Inc., Moomoo Financial Singapore Pte. Ltd., Futu Securities (Australia) Ltd, Moomoo Financial Canada Inc.,和Moomoo Securities Malaysia Sdn. Bhd.是关联公司。
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